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in medias res
A tale beginning ''in medias res'' (, lit. "into the middle things") opens in the midst of action. (cf. ''ab ovo'', ''ab initio'').〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= In medias res )〕 Often, exposition is bypassed and filled in gradually, either through dialogue, flashbacks or description of past events. For example, ''Hamlet'' begins after the death of Hamlet's father. Characters make reference to King Hamlet's death without the plot's first establishment of said fact. Since the play focuses on Hamlet and the revenge itself more so than the motivation, Shakespeare utilizes ''in medias res'' to bypass superfluous exposition.
Works that employ ''in medias res'' often, though not always, subsequently use flashback and nonlinear narrative for exposition of earlier events in order to fill in the backstory. For example, in Homer's ''Odyssey'', we first learn about Odysseus' journey when he is held captive on Calypso's island. We then find out, in Books IX through XII, that the greater part of Odysseus' journey precedes that moment in the narrative. On the other hand, Homer's ''Iliad'' has relatively few flashbacks, although it opens in the thick of the Trojan War.
== First use of the phrase ==
The Roman lyric poet and satirist Horace (65–8 BC) first used the terms ''ab ovo'' ("from the egg") and ''in medias res'' ("into the middle of things") in his ''Ars poetica'' ("Poetic Arts", c. 13 BC), wherein lines 147–149 describe the ideal epic poet:
The "egg" reference is to the mythological origin of the Trojan War in the birth of Helen and Clytemnestra from the double egg laid by Leda following her rape, as a metamorphosed swan, by Zeus.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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